فعل To be في جميع الازمنة

هذا الفعل او هذه الكلمة و التي تعني باللغة العربية "كان " أو فعل الكينونة تستعمل كثيرا في اللغة الانجليزية. في اللغة العربية نستعمل "كان"او تصريفها لتعبير عن ما حدت سابقا في الماضي و يكون في الحاضر. لكن في الحقيقة لاننطق او نكتب فعل" يكون او تصريفه" في الحاضر بل يبقى مختفي غير ظاهر . يكفي أن نقول مثلا " أحمد مريض" لفهم الجملة دون الحاجة الى إضافة فعل اخر مساعد كما هو الحال في اللغة الانجليزية.

و نظرا لاهمية هذا الفعل الى جانب بعض الافعال الاخرى المساعدة To have و Can و To do سنقوم بوضع شرح مفصل لهذا الفعل وكيفية استعماله مع الامثلة

مثلا عندما تريد ان تقول أنا ذكي ستقول بالانجليزية I am smart او يمكن ان تقول اختصارا I'm smart
و عندما تريد أن تقول أنا كنت ذكيا ستقول بالانجليزية I was smart
أما عندما تريد أن تقول سأكون ذكيا ستقول بالانجليزية I will be smart

الأمثلة الثلاثة أعلاه تهم ضمير المتكلم " أنا" يمكن تطبيق نفس الطريقة مع الضمائر الاخرى حسب الجدول اسفله.

الحاضر Present

I am
You/ We/ They are
He/She/It

الماضي Past

I/He/She?/It was
You/ We/They were

Future

نضع will be مع كل الضمائر

النفي باستعمال فعل To be

سأستعمل نفس الجمل السابقة لكن بصيغة النفي

انا لست ذكيا ( الحاضر)
انا لم أكن ذكيا ( الماضي)
أنا لن أكون ذكيا ( المستقبل)

في اللغة الانجليزية لنفي الكلام نقوم باضافة not كالتالي:

I am not smart (present)
I was not smart (past)
I will not be smart (future)

نفس الشيء ينطبق على الضمائر الاخرى لا داعي لذكرها لكن في اخر الدرس ستجد تمارين شاملة عن فعل الكينونة To be

السؤال باستعمال فعل To be

سنقوم هنا بطرح السؤال في الحاضر و الماضي و المستقبل و سنرى كيف نقول ذلك بالانجليزية باستعمال ضمير أنا و هي. ونفس الشيء ينطبق على باقي الضمائر.

هل أنا ذكي؟ هل كنت ذكي؟ هل سأكون ذكي؟
هل هي جميلة؟ هل كانت جميلة؟ هل ستكون جميلة؟

Am I smart? Was I smart? Will I be smart?
Is she beautiful? Was she beautiful? Will she be beautiful?

كتابة To be بشكل مختصر

اختصار الكلمات هو كتابة الكلمات بصيغة مختصرة يساعد الناطقين باللغة الانجليزية على اختصار الكلام و تسهيل نطق الكلمات و الجمل لكن في نفس الوقت يشكل عائقا بالنسبة للمتعلمين للغة الانجليزية. لذا يجب إبدال مجهود اكبر في فهم اختصار الكلمات بما في ذلك فعل الكينونة To be

مثال على ذلك I am تختصر هكذا I'm و He is not تختصر هكذا He isn't. ستجد صفحة في هذا الموقع خاصة بكيفية إختصار الكلمات و الجمل.في الاسفل ستجد تصريف لفعل "كان To be " في جميع الازمنة في اللغة الانجليزية.

To be on Present Simple | تصريف فعل To Be في الحاضر

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I am	I am not	Am I ?
You are	You are not	Are you ?
He/She/It is	He/She/It is not	Is he/she/it ?
We are	We are not	Are we ?
You are	You are not	Are you ?
They are	They are not	Are they ?

To be on Past Simple الماضي البسيط

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I was	I was not	Was I ?
You were	You were not	Were you ?
He/She/It was	He/She/It was not	Was he/she/it ?
We were	We were not	Were we ?
You were	You were not	Were you ?
They were	They were not	Were they ?

Future Simple المستقبل البسيط

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I will be	I will not be	Will I be?
You will be	You will not be	Will you be?
He/She/It will be	He/She/It will not be	Will he/she/it be?
We will be	We will not be	Will we be?
You will be	You will not be	Will you be?
They will be	They will not be	Will they be?

Present Perfect Simple الحاضر التام البسيط

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I have been	I have not been	Have I been?
You have been	You have not been	Have you been?
He/She/It has been	He/She/It has not been	Has he/she/it been?
We have been	We have not been	Have we been?
You have been	You have not been	Have you been?
They have been	They have not been	Have they been?

Past Perfect Simple الماضي التام البسيط

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I had been	I had not been	Had I been?
You had been	You had not been	Had you been?
He/She/It had been	He/She/It had not been	Had he/she/it been?
We had been	We had not been	Had we been?
You had been	You had not been	Had you been?
They had been	They had not been	Had they been?

Future Perfect المستقبل التام

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I will have been	I will not have been	Will I have been?
You will have been	You will not have been	Will you have been?
He/She/It will have been	He/She/It will not have been	Will he/she/it have been?
We will have been	We will not have been	Will we have been?
You will have been	You will not have been	Will you have been?
They will have been	They will not have been	Will they have been?

Conditional الشرطي

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I would be	I would not be	Would I be?
You would be	You would not be	Would you be?
He/She/It would be	He/She/It would not be	Would he/she/it be?
We would be	We would not be	Would we be?
You would be	You would not be	Would you be?
They would be	They would not be	Would they be?

Conditional Perfect الشرطي التام

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I would have been	I would not have been	Would I have been?
You would have been	You would not have been	Would you have been?
He/She/It would have been	He/She/It would not have been	Would he/she/it have been?
We would have been	We would not have been	Would we have been?
You would have been	You would not have been	Would you have been?
They would have been	They would not have been	Would they have been?